How to use switch in gns3 | switching labs in gns3

Today i shall show you how to use Cisco switch in gns3. In node panel of gns3 you  could not find any layer2 or layer3 Cisco switch, you cannot use the Cisco 2900 or 3800 series switches in gns3. But there is a way by which you can use your router as switch by using NM-16ESW module in router. In this way you can configure switching protocols like VLAN, STP, VTP ect.

So follow these steps..

• First open the "Symbol Manger" from Edit tab.
• Add a ethernet_switch from  available symbol to customize nodes. Type a name for switch and in Type field assign the Cisco router IOS to switch, in my case i select the  c3600 series and i use the IOS c3640-jk9o3s-mz.124-16a (33MB).

• Click on apply and then on ok button.
• Now you can find a new switch in nodes types.

 

• Now drag this switch on stage and click on configuration and add  NM-16ESW module from slot tap.

• click on OK you may received a message "You must use 'manual mode' to connect a link with a NM-16ESW module". Therefore use the manual method to configure this.

Switching labs in gns3 
Now for test i shall configure two vlan on switch.

 

• Start your switch and check the command in screen-shot for vlan 10, 20.

For complete switching labs visit following posts of blog.   

1. Switch virtual interface SVI configuration on gns3 
2. Inter VLAN on gns3 
3. Hot Standby Router Protocol configuration on GNS3

 

SOURCE

China's Invented History

By PHILIP BOWRING

The conflict between the Philippines and China over the Scarborough Shoal may seem to be a minor dispute over an uninhabitable rock and the surrounding waters. But it is hugely important for future relations in the region because it showcases China's stubborn view that the histories of the non-Han peoples whose lands border two-thirds of the South China Sea are irrelevant. The only history that matters is that written by the Chinese and interpreted by Beijing.
The Philippine case for Scarborough is mostly presented as one of geography. The feature, known in Filipino as the Panatag Shoal and in Chinese as Huangyan Island, is some 130 nautical miles off the coast of Luzon, the largest island in the Philippine archipelago. It's well within the Philippines' Exclusive Economic Zone, which, as per the U.N. Law of the Sea Convention, extends 200 nautical miles off the coast. On the other hand, the shoal is roughly 350 miles from the mainland of China and 300 miles from the tip of Taiwan.

China avoids these inconvenient geographical facts and relies on historical half-truths that it applies to every feature it claims in the South China Sea. That's why it's now feuding with not just the Philippines, but other nations too. Beijing's famous U-shaped dotted line on its maps of the South China Sea defines territorial claims within the 200-mile limits of Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines and Brunei, and close to Indonesia's gas-rich Natuna Islands.

In the case of the Scarborough Shoal, China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs gives the historical justification that the feature is mentioned in a Chinese map from the 13th century—when China itself was under alien Mongol rule—resulting from the visit of a vessel from China. This "we were there first" argument is nonsense. Chinese sailors were latecomers to the South China Sea, to say nothing of onward trade to the Indian Ocean. The seafaring history of the region at least for the first millennium of the current era was dominated by the ancestors of today's Indonesians, Malaysians, Filipinos and (less directly) Vietnamese.

As China's own records reveal, when Chinese traveled from China to Sumatra and then on to Sri Lanka, they did so in Malay ships. This was not the least surprising given that during this era, Malay people from what is now Indonesia were the first colonizers of the world's third largest island, Madagascar, some 4,000 miles away. (The Madagascan language and 50% of its human gene pool are of Malay origin). They were crossing the Indian Ocean 1,000 years before the much-vaunted voyages of Chinese admiral Zheng He in the 15th century.

Malay seafaring prowess was later overtaken by south Indians and Arabs, but they remained the premier seafarers in Southeast Asia until the Europeans dominated the region. The Malay-speaking, Hindu-ized Cham seagoing empire of central Vietnam dominated South China Sea trade until it was conquered by the Vietnamese about the time the European traders began to arrive in Asia, while trade between Champa (present-day southern Vietnam) and Luzon was well established long before the Chinese drew their 13th century map.
The Scarborough Shoal, which lies not only close to the Luzon coast but on the direct route from Manila Bay to the ancient Cham ports of Hoi An and Qui Nhon, had to be known to Malay sailors. The Chinese claim to have "been there first" is then like arguing that Europeans got to Australia before its aboriginal inhabitants.

Another unsteady pillar in China's claim to the Scarborough Shoal is its reliance on the Treaty of Paris of 1898. This yielded Spanish sovereignty over the Philippine archipelago to the U.S. and drew straight lines on the map which left the shoal a few miles outside the longitudinal line defined by the treaty. China now conveniently uses this accord, which these two foreign powers arrived at without any input from the Philippine people, to argue that Manila has no claim.
The irony is that the Communist Party otherwise rejects "unequal treaties" imposed by Western imperialists, such as the McMahon line dividing India and Tibet. Does this mean Vietnam can claim all the Spratly Islands, because the French claimed them all and Hanoi has arguably inherited this claim?

China also asserts that because its case for ownership dates back to 1932, subsequent Philippine claims are invalid. In other words, it uses the fact that the Philippines was under foreign rule as a basis for its own claims.

Manila wants to resolve the matter under the U.N. Law of the Sea Convention, but Beijing argues that its 1932 claim isn't bound by the Convention, which came into effect in 1994 since it preceded it. That's a handy evasion, most probably because China knows its case for ownership is weak by the Convention's yardsticks.

China is making brazen assertions that rewrite history and take no account of geography. Today's naval arguments won't come to an end until the region's largest disputant stops rewriting the past.
Mr. Bowring is a Hong Kong-based journalist.

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Top 10 Awesome Things You Can Do With the Underused Gadgets You Already Own

If you're a fan of technology, chances are you've retired a few gadgets over the years and they're sitting in a box in your closet. Today's the day to dig out your leftovers and start thinking about what you can do to let them live and breathe again. Here are ten of our favorite ideas to get you started.

10. Repurpose Your Old Computer in Many, Many Ways

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Repurposing an old computer is awesome but it's obvious, so let's get this one out of the way first. There is so much you can do. Laptops can become tablets, desktops can become powerful storage devices, and much more. Old computers are just slow computers with an outdated selection of ports, less storage and RAM, and generally paltry graphics cards. All you need is something else that has those minimal requirements and there's plenty you can do. Web servers, media centers, retro arcades, a kitchen computer that can get a little messy because it's old and you don't care,

9. Create Audio-Visual Mixes for Parties with a Digital Photo/Media Frame

The digital photo frame is something we've all gotten as a gift or bought with hopes that it was going to take us into the future of photo displaying. In the end, I think most of us feel like we were sold storage box filler. If you actually use a digital picture frame, you get the added bonus of paying more money for it for the rest of time. These things draw a reasonably large amount of power for something nobody is looking at most of the time, especially considering their analog predecessors—you know, normal picture frames—don't have that downside and can still display whatever photo you want. I could go on complaining about the downsides of spending tens of dollars on one of these basically pointless devices, but let's not and focus on the positive instead.

You don't want to be running your digital picture frame 24/7 (unless you love paying for wasted energy), so your best bet is to start looking at the thing as a device for specific events. Instead of loading it up with photos, stock your frame's internal storage (or SD card) with art that you like. If it can play video, put music videos on it or just find some awesome motion graphics on Vimeo (that's what I did). Hook it up during a party and you've got something cool to display (instead of photos of your tame vacation to Southern Florida). If it handles audio, too, hook up some speakers and you'll essentially have an audio-visual party mix.

8. Make a Clock, Smartphone Stand, or Laser Show with a Dead Hard Drive

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What can you do with a dead hard drive? A lot, apparently. For example, you can turn it into a laser light show projector, make a steampunk clock, or turn it into a smartphone stand. Hard drives, even when dead, always seem like such a substantial thing to throw away. Instead, just make something cool and let it's spirit live on against the wall, on your desk, and in your heart.

7. Lose an Old Laptop, Gain a Second Monitor

Yeah, yeah, we've technically looked at things you can do with an old computer but those were all things that didn't involve taking them apart and actually turning them into new things. If you've got an old laptop that you never use but wouldn't mind having a second display for your desktop computer (or newer laptop), you're in luck! This Instructables post will teach you how to take your laptop apart and make the display usable with another computer. You could even use the bottom half of your laptop to do any of the old computer uses we mentioned earlier. It's a win-win.

6. Create the Best Keychain Ever with Old Cables

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While old cables are nice to have around in case you need them someday, there isn't much you can do to repurpose them into something better. Nonetheless, there is one really awesome option: the Ethernet cable keychain. (See the photo to the right if you're not sure why this is so awesome). Technically you could do this with other types of cables, but Ethernet has the distinct advantage of being both thick and locking into its port. Other cables might not hold the weight of your keys or stay in quite as well.

5. Turn Your Nintendo Entertainment System, Controllers, and Games into Several Awesome New Gadgets

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The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) will live on forever as so many different items. You can turn it into a DVD player, make a game cartridge a wireless router, repurpose a controller as an MP3 player or remote control. If you're not ready to part with your NES, you can also just give it an upgrade and, therefore, a bit more life. Just don't let it go to waste.

4. Use Those Unused Ports on Your TV to Charge Your Phone, Set up a Security Camera, and More!

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The ports on the back of your TV are often under-appreciated. Most of us plug in an HDMI box or two and call it a day, but the old school ports (and even some newer ones) let you do all sorts of neat things. The service USB port on most flatscreens is one of the most fun, allowing you to power all sorts of USB devices. This means you can plug in backlighting, or charge your smartphone or game controller. Video out ports can output what's on your television to another monitor or device so you can view from multiple locations or record what you're watching. A port or two on your television can probably host live video input from a camera you own, which can work as a makeshift security monitor or even a fun display at a party. For a whole bunch of ideas, and a primer on all the ports you've got, check out this post.

3. Turn Your Router into a Wireless Radio

Although I've been with the same router for four years now (aww), before I decided to settle down with my DD-WRT-ed LinkSys 310N I went through routers like toilet paper. If I hadn't given them all new homes before learning I could turn one of them into a wireless radio, I'd have done that in a heartbeat. Although this is one of the more complex DIY projects you can take on, it's also one of the coolest. Just check out the video to the left to learn how it's done. It's definitely a weekend project, but when you're done you'll have a wireless radio for the price of a router you weren't even using.

(Pssst! If that's not your style, try this bonus option: turn your router into a home automation server.

2. Use a Mobile Device as a Dedicated VOIP Phone

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iPod touches make great iPhones when you add Skype, or any other VOIP service, to their array of apps, but any old device will do. Even if you've got a tablet you're not using anymore it can make a great phone (if you add a headset). Just keep it around the house and you've got a great makeshift home phone line (especially when you get Google Voice involved). Tablets also make great video conferencing devices (assuming they're sporting cameras). If you'd rather not sell yours because it isn't worth much anymore, use it solely for communication. It's remarkably helpful if you don't get great (or any) cellular service in your home.

1. Upgrade Your Crappy Headphones

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When you're spending under $50 on headphones you're generally not going to get the greatest pair, but there is a lot you can do to make them worth far more than their price tag. Replacing the drivers yourself can net you audiophile-level sound on the cheap. You can also splice them with a headset to give them a few extra superpowers or even turn them into a noise-isolating headset (in some cases). If you've got a crappy pair and some time, these upgrades will give you a better sound and features without the associated cost.

 

The World's Billionaires - Forbes

The World's Billionaires - Forbes

#1 Carlos Slim Helu & family

$69 B

Age:72

Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim Helu smiles after receiving the "Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz" Medal in Mexico City September 29, 2011. (REUTERS/Carlos Jasso)

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Light Rail Transit (LRT) Holy Week schedule 2012

	Press Release
	March 12, 2012 Ref       :           Atty. Hernando T. Cabrera                         LRTA Spokesperson                         854-0452/ 506-6129                         0920-9703772                        Evelyn E. Paragas                         Manager, Public Relations Division                         854-0452/ 506-6129                         0917-8725631
	LRT announces Holy Week schedule
	In line with Department of Transportation and Communications’ Ligtas na Kuaresma Program for the upcoming Lenten Season, the Light Rail Transit (LRT) Authority today announced its operating schedules for the upcoming Holy Week, from 4-8 April 2012. Both LRT 1 and 2 train lines will be closed from 8:00 p.m. on Wednesday, April 4 until April 8, Easter Sunday for the annual maintenance work on the systems. Line 1 runs from Baclaran in Pasay City to Roosevelt in Quezon City, while Line 2 stretches from Recto in Manila to Santolan in Pasig City. "In observance of the annual Holy Week, we are suspending our commercial operations starting at 8:00 p.m. on Wednesday, April 4,” said Engr. Emerson L. Benitez, LRTA Officer-In-Charge. “During this period, we will conduct maintenance works for the two lines.” Benitez said this will involve the cleaning and checking of all LRT facilities, systems and equipment, and replacement of catenary wires, and rail ballasts along critical segments. Normal operations will resume on April 9, Monday at 5:00 a.m, which is also a public holiday in commemoration of Araw ng Kagitingan.

Can Robots Make Amazon a Better Place to Work?

When you place an order on Amazon.com and a package ends up on your doorstep a few days later, you may not consider it what it took to get it there. The logistical systems that enable massive online retail are built on human labor, and an industry of factory "pickers" exists to scoop books, shampoo, and whatever else you order off warehouse shelves and into cardboard parcels.
Journalist Mac McClelland ventured into one of these packing facilities to experience life as a “warehouse wage slave,” and discovered that the experience is physically trying: Impossible quotas and uncomfortable working conditions—not to mention precarious job security and unfair labor practices—leave the pickers who scramble around the warehouses in a position of near-exploitation. But the workers need these jobs to support their families and themselves.
A big part of the problem is worker misclassification: temporary, contract workers treated like full-time employees without receiving the same protections and compensation. Better enforcement of labor laws (and stronger protections for workers) can make a difference.
But another problem for these workers is the nature of the job: The only way to get more productivity out of workers is for them little to run faster, bend over more often, and take fewer breaks. Amazon is becoming increasingly sensitive to these issues (and the costs of employees). Yesterday, it announced the purchase of Kiva Systems, a company that makes warehouse robots already in use at retailers like Zappos and Staples. These robots are a force multiplier for workers, allowing one person to do the work of many without moving around so much. Check out this video:

If Amazon can utilize this technology and, more importantly, improve it by integrating its logistical distribution partners directly with the robot manufacturer, we could see higher-quality jobs for the people who make online retailers work.
But more automation on the floors of these warehouses also means fewer jobs for people, and despite the current conditions, people need jobs. That’s a big problem that can’t be corrected at just one business, but it’s a reminder that a macro-level problem deserves macro-level attention from the government, which has the tools to ramp up demand, re-train more workers, and reward innovation.

Source

Development Bank of the Philippines - Loan Application

So business is doing good. What's next? thinking of bringing it to the next level?

 

Getting Started

Borrowing requirements and procedures vary from bank to bank. But the procedures described here will illustrate what can generally be expected when an entrepreneur approaches a bank to obtain credit, i.e. get a loan.

It is important for you, the borrower, to take note that getting a loan approval starts from planning well.

The steps that follow include preparations which you, as an entrepreneur, must do by yourself, before approaching a financial institution, or even before deciding to borrow.

1. Evaluate whether you are in a position to borrow

Try to answer the questions below to find out whether you have what it takes to be a borrower who can be considered a good "credit-risk."

• Am I honest, with clear lines of credit, trustworthy and without any police record? Do I fulfill my obligations and honor my commitments? In other words, can I pass a bank's credit investigation? Is my financial stake in the business sufficient to influence me to honor and repay my debt?
• Do I manage my cash flow well? Do I have ready sources to repay my obligations? Do I have a written record of my cash receipts and disbursements? Do I have the documents to show (for example, income tax returns and financial statements) that my business has consistently been profitable over the past few years? Have I been dealing with a bank through which I can show the flow of my cash in the form of deposit account?
• Am I in an industry that has bright prospects for growth? Is my business job-creating, local material utilizing or dollar-generating? Is the community where my business is operating contributory to industrial growth?
• Do I have collateral without debt or lien, in the form of land, building, automotive vehicle, or equipment of value? If I have none, will someone lend me collateral? Otherwise, am I eligible for guarantee-coverage from credit guarantee institutions?

2. Estimate accurately the amount that you need to borrow.

Whether the loan is for the acquisition of fixed assets (such as equipment, land, or building) or to get more working capital ( to pay salaries, raw materials, inventories, utilities, etc.), it is important not to underestimate the amount required. It is always better to borrow a bit too much than too little.

3. Choose the bank to approach.

Generally choose the bank that knows you and understands your business best. It should also preferably be one that is near to your business or home.

• The choice of bank must also be determined by the size and purpose of the loan, as well as the size and status of the business.
• For small loans between P50,000 and P5 million, approach development banks, savings banks and rural banks. Consider borrowing also from special lending programs for small enterprises such as the SME Unified Lending Opportunities for National Growth (SULONG) Program of the Development Bank of the Philippines, Land Bank of the Philippines, National Livelihood Support Fund, Philippine Export-Import Credit Agency, Quedan and Rural Credit Guarantee Corporation, and Small Business Guarantee and Financial Corporation.
• For bigger loans above P5 million, approach private development banks, commercial banks and unibanks.

4. Go through the loan application process of the bank you choose.

Submit the various documentary requirements and go through interviews and credit investigations:

• Application forms - The forms vary according to the bank but the following information are usually asked: name, address, telephone number, legal form and nature of the business; registration with government business registries (such as the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Department of Trade and Industry, or the city or municipal government); product lines; amount of capitalization; names of owner/partners/stockholders; type, amount, and purpose of loan applied for; and description of collateral offered.
• Documentary requirements - The requisite papers should preferably be prepared before applying for a bank loan. Incomplete documents can cause delays. The following documents are commonly asked for:

• Community Tax certificate, taxpayers' identification number, BIR-stamped tax declaration for the past three years, financial statement for the past three years, bank and grade references.
• Mini business plan or project feasibility study, especially for borrowers who are just starting in business. The business plan basically contains a forecast in terms of money of what the business is going to be like for each month of a given year. It gives estimates of production expenses and expected sales revenues.
• Business registration papers. For single proprietorships, registration with the Department of Trade and Industry and with the municipal office. For partnerships, articles of partnership and joint resolution to borrow. For corporations, SEC-certified articles of incorporation with by-laws, board resolution to borrow, and stockholders’ biodata. For cooperatives, registration with the Bureau of Cooperative Development.
• Papers pertaining to collateral. For real estate mortgage, copy of TCT, location plan with vicinity map, tax clearance, tax receipts, tax declaration, insurance, floor plan or pictures. For chattel mortgage, invoice with official receipt for payment of chattels, registration certificates, insurance, L/C evidencing payment in case of imported equipment. For exporters, letters of credit, confirmed purchase orders and sales contracts.

Be sure you understand all these documentary requirements clearly. Ask for a checklist and go through each requirement carefully with the loan officer assigned to you. Know the documents required – in what form (original or certified true copy) and in how many copies. Don’t hesitate to ask questions and clarifications.

Personal Interview
The purpose of the interview is to gather information in order to establish your creditworthiness as a prospective borrower. Again, this is an opportunity for raising questions which you have in mind.

5. Get ready for an ocular inspection of your plant/workplace as well as the property being offered as collateral.

A bank appraisal report is made of the property, which includes: land identity; description of the land; neighborhood data; public utility improvements; valuation and encumbrances.

6. Be prepared for a credit investigation.

The credit investigation report generally covers the following:

• The company's background and history, covering the date of registration/incorporation, the type of business organization, records of registration, names of incorporators, and a summary of operating records.
• Financial condition. The current breakdown of financial statements reflecting the results of operation for the past three years. It also includes schedules, explanations of extraordinary items, breakdown of merchandise and receivables and full explanation of all inter-company loans and merchandise transactions.
• Dealings with government agencies. The lending bank checks on the credit availed of by the applicant from lending government agencies, the nature of the loan, collateral offered, and installment payments, including arrearages, if any.
• Bank's experience with the borrower, if the applicant is an old client.
• Court cases: The bank checks on civil or criminal cases involving the applicant. It also obtains information about the applicant from competitors.

After the credit investigation and supporting documents have been accomplished and evaluated, a recommendation for approval is prepared and the release of the loan is facilitated.

Borrowing from a bank can be a long and tedious process which may take anywhere from a few days to a few months. Being sure that you understand all the above procedures and requirements will definitely help shorten the process.

Remember too, that officers from special lending programs will monitor your business even long after the loan has been released. They check on your books and records. For loans on a letter of credit or purchase order, they monitor your production activities to see to it that deliveries and shipments are made on time. They do so in order to confirm that the loan is being utilized for the purpose you have indicated and to help ensure that your business stays viable and capable of keeping up with loan repayments.

Are you ready to apply for a loan?

 

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